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ก.       ยุคต่างๆ ในประวัติศาสตร์

a.       3,500-1,500 ปี BCE (Before Common Era, ก่อนศตวรรษสากล) : อารยธรรมลุ่มแม่น้ำ

b.       1,500 BCE-500 : Classical Civilization

                                                               i.      Great Religions

1.       1500-600bc : Vedic formative, Hin­duism

2.       1225-1200bc : Moses, Jew spread, Judaism

3.       563-483bc: Buddha, Buddhism

4.       600bc: เล่าจื้อ, Taoism

5.       551-479bc: ขงจื้อ, Confucianism

6.       0-35: Jesus, Christianity

7.       570-632: Muhammed, Islam

c.       500-1500: Expansion, Empire building

                                                               i.      Europe & Middle/Near East

1.       500-800: Dark Age in Europe

2.       1065-1200: Crusade War

                                                              ii.      China

1.       1200: Mongol conquering all Asia and East Europe

                                                             iii.      India

                                                            iv.      SEA

1.       557-1057: ทราวดี

2.       760s-1200s: ขอม

3.       1044: พุกาม

4.       1296: ล้านนา (เม็งราย เชียงใหม่)

5.       1250-1419: สุโขทัย

6.       1350-1767: อยุธยา

7.       1767-1782: ธนบุรี

8.       1782-….: รัตนโกสินทร์ / กรุงเทพฯ

d.       1500-1900: Cross Continental Conquer, Sea = colonization W over E & Rest of the World

e.       1900?… : Modern

f.        Post Modern ??? Globalization ???

g.       21^st century began with high hope for peace and prosperity,  

                                                               i.      ICT, virtual social network, but computer viruses and crime via IT

                                                              ii.      conflict over natural resources but glossed over as ethnic/cultural/faith conflicts

1.       Damming Mekong River

2.       Patenting life, monopolizing GMO and expanding threat to food sovereignty in the name of food security

3.       Land grapping

                                                             iii.      911 invasion of US in 2001

                                                            iv.      Earth began to revolt : Global warming, new diseases, tsunami, annual severe flood and drought

                                                             v.      Endless economic crises

1450-1900         Rising unchallenged power of the West

1780-1914                   1^st industrial revolution (in West)

1776                                  American independence

1780                                  French revolution began à Reign of Terrror (1793-94) à Napoleon dictatorship & war (1789-1815)

                              1782 Bangkok became capital

1815-48                 Conservative-liberal contest

1848                                  End of revolutionary era in West (assurance of food supplies, prevention of famine, stronger police force)[1]

1848-71                         Political repression compromised with liberals à constitution+parliamentary power+suffrage right

Consolidation under flexible conservatives à sharp conflicts to bloody American civil war

1861-65                         US civil war reveal importance and destructive power of armies backed by industrial arsenals[2]

1871-1900                  “The Social Question”

1847-70                         Karl Marx worked out his theories à careful political orgz+wide appeal = Socialist party, 3^rd force

Germany (strongest socialist party) vs Britain & France (Liberals + Conservatives)

1850  Bowring Treaty under King Mongkut

1870s                    Conservative parties added national appeals to their political arsenal

(strong state with military)[3]

Nationalism for Romantic interest in diverse popular cultures than to Enlightenment values[4]

Socialists were wary of nationalism, liberalism too limited

Socialist accept parliamentary instt, but industrialz & urbanz increased socio-econ gap,

Parliamentary instt with multiparty system embracing wide range of political opionions / ism

Liberalism, socialism, nationalism, formal conservatism

Feminism à feminist movement by 1900 to demand suffrage rights

20^th century       March to Great Wars

1905                             Russian revolution à burst in 1910-20

1912                   Fall of Chinese empire

1914-18                     World War I

1917                            Russian Revolution, October: Bolshevik takeover

1918-19             End of German Empire

1919                  Formation of Communist Int’l

1919-39             US isolationism

1920s                Rise of fascism

1920                  Beginning of Gandhi’s nonviolent movement

1921                  Formation of Chinese communist movement à Long March (1934)

1929-39                   Worldwide economic repression

1930-31                        Indochina riots, Ho Chi Minh rose for independence (labeled communist)

1933-39             US New Deal

1939-45                   World War II

1940-44             Holocaust

1945                                          Atomic bomb on Japan

1945                            Set up UN

1945-48             Post war reconstruction in Eu

1939-45             Cold War  US vs USSR

1948                  Decolonization, rise of new nations

1954                             Vietnam gained independence from French, but divided to N-S

1950-73             West, US, economic prosperity

1950s                            Japan, rapid economic advancement

1955                             Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): India, Indenesia, Yugoslavia

1957                 Launching Sputnik, began “Space Age”

1957                             Thailand: coup end Phibun’s regime; Sarit ruled (1959-63)

1960s                            Mao’s cultural revolution

1963                             Philippines, began authoritarian rule under Marcos

1964-73                         “American War” in Vietnam

1965                             Indonesia: coup, rising Suharto

1968                 Student protests in US & Western Europe

1973                             End “American War” in Vietnam

1973-79            Oil crisis, OPEC increased price

1970s                Began microchip computer

1976                             Mao died, began Pragmatic Regime à market economy

1978                 “Global assembly line”, rise of MNC and TNC, footloose investment

1979                 New economic tension, Regan (1981)

1980                             Economic rise in Pacific Rim (“East Asian miracle”)

1986                             Ph: Rising People Power à Marcos fall

1988-93             Economic recession: high unemployment in US, Eu, Japan

1989                             China: Tian An Mern Square suppression of student protest

1990                  Fall of Berlin Wall, end Cold War, began deregulation (“Free Trade”)

1989                             Thailand: 1^st elected civilian (Chartichai) = PM

                        1992: Bloody May

                        1997: Spark financial crisis spread throughout Asia + People Constitution

                        2001: Thaksin era

                        2004: Tsunami

                        2005: Yellow shirt mass rally to oust Thaksin, King’s 60^th anniversary enthroned

                        2006: Coup on 19 September; rising Red shirt (against military takeover)

                        2007: New constitution

                        2008: Yellow shirt mass rally to oust Thaksin’s nominated govt., airport closed,

                        2009: Red shirt (left + prothaksin + grassroots grievances) mass rallies against Aphisit’s govt.

                                    Pull down Asean summit at Pataya

                        2010: April-May 19, almost civil war, despite turmoil to the brink, GDP 8%

                       

1990                             India: Economic reform

1994                 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Association)

2008                                  US economy began melting

2009                                  crises continued

2010                                  Greece bankruptcy, bailed out by EU

Barak Obama = President, endless economic woes + armed wars + trade wars

[1] Peter Stearns. 1995. World History,  p.404

[2] P.406

[3] P.409

[4] Enlightenment value = belief in progress and in human rationality and improvability (affected by ongoing industrialization), pp.408-409

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